Since late September 2025, thousands of Moroccan youth have taken to the streets of Casablanca, Rabat, Agadir, Oujda, and other cities. This happened just as I am preparing to publish a historical novel that covers the 1965 student protests, which Moroccans of all ages later joined. Their slogans: “Where are the hospitals? Where are the schools?” We want dignity, not stadiums.”
This internet-savvy population gathered under the banner of “Gen Z 212” (+212 is the international dialing code for Morocco). Morocco is gearing up to co-host the 2030 FIFA World Cup, and the investments are incredibly costly. While some of the funds will go towards upgrading transport infrastructure, the youth are protesting the mismatch between the resources poured into this project and the neglect of rural schools and public hospitals.
Slogans of the mid-1960s about education in Morocco mirrored those of Gen Z 212. They also protested the rise in the cost of living, unemployment, and the poor living conditions. For those lucky enough to attend school and graduate, finding a job is no mean feat and relies heavily on the family’s network. Today, the focus is also on the public sector’s crumbling healthcare. It is no coincidence that the youth refer to the 1965 uprising. Yes, hosting the World Cup will increase Morocco’s prestige, but who will benefit from that?
Research for Drummers and Dreamers evoked many emotions, as many protesters never fully recovered from the backlash. Although demonstrations have occurred since 1965, the current one is the largest since the 1981 Casablanca Bread Riots. As I follow, listen to interviews, and read commentaries, I am impressed by the eloquence of these young adults and their bravery. I can only hope that those who took to the streets are safe.